[Intro]
Dimethyl fumarate referred to as DMF. It has low toxicity (LD_ (50) rat oral 2240 mg/kg), high efficiency, broad-spectrum antimicrobial characteristics of a special antibacterial effects on the mold. Can be applied to bread, feed, cosmetics, fish, meat, vegetables and fruit mold. dmf for bread mold effect is much better than calcium propionate. According to domestic research shows that dmf has good anti-fungal, mildew better than the feed propionate, sorbic acid and benzoic acid preservatives, in a PDA medium containing 500 to 800 ppm for many fungal and bacteria play a complete inhibition.
basic introduction
fumaric acid dimethyl
Dimethyl Fumarate
formula (Formula): C6H8O4, CH3OOCCH, = CHCOOCH3
molecular weight (Molecular Weight): 144.13
cas No.: 624-49-7
the einecs No.:, 210-849-0 Appearance (Appearance): white crystal or crystalline powder.
content (Purity): a
Packaging (Package): 25 kg/barrel
Physicochemical Properties Ma dimethyl
(Physical Properties)
1, the ester content: ≥ 99.0%;
2, the non-volatile matter: ≤ 0.1%;
3, heavy metals (Pb): ≤ 0.002%;
4, the melting point :101-104 ° C;
5, boiling point: 193 ℃;
6, the relative density: 1.37;
7, the free acid: the qualified
Introduction one trait: a white scaly Ma dimethyl
crystals, slightly spicy taste, soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and other solvents, slightly soluble in water.
Second, the mechanism of action: the antibacterial activity of dimethyl fumarate body molecular state of dimethyl fumarate in the molecular state of dimethyl fumarate to successfully penetrate the micro-organisms the cell membrane into the cell, in order to play its inhibitory effect, dimethyl fumarate through contact and fumigation double way into the micro-organisms in vivo, inhibition of microbial cell division, and through phosphorylation of the citric acid cycle (TCAC) has sugar. enzyme activity inhibition of the pathway (HMP) and glycolysis (EMP) to inhibit microbial respiration, so that the growth of microorganisms had been controlled.
Third, the antimicrobial spectrum and effect: specific inhibitory effect on many mold and has the ability to anti-fungal.
Fourth, the characteristics: the United States in the 1980s developed a new type of fungicide, known as "mold enemy", with low toxicity (LD rats oral administration of 2240mg/kg) efficient, wide antibacterial spectrum, safety, chemical stability, and long duration of action applicable to a wide range of PH value and other characteristics, can inhibit a variety of molds, yeasts and bacteria, especially clostridium botulinum and aflatoxin, have a good inhibitory effect.
five purposes: the antimicrobial activity of dimethyl fumarate from the PH value; both insecticidal activity and with contact and fumigant widely used in food, beverage, feed, Chinese herbal medicines, cosmetics, fish, meat, vegetables, fruits, mold, corrosion, pest control, the preservation
storage (Storeage,)
the dark, away from heat, water, the moisture
detection of dimethyl fumarate (the dmf ) the detection
2009, 29 EU Member States adopted the "to ensure that consumer products containing dimethyl fumarate will not run on the European market," the draft resolution, the resolution came into effect on May 1, 2009 . Ma Dimethyl
draft clearly defined, dimethyl fumarate in consumer products or components containing more than 0.1 mg/kg, or the product itself has declared its dimethyl fumarate content, it will be identified as containing Dimethyl Fumarate products, will be prohibited from entering the circulation and sale of the EU market.
The fumarate methyl ester (referred to as DMF) is often used as a preservative fungicide products commonly used in the production of leather, footwear, textiles, storage, transportation. However, since October last year, the EU succession informed more than the causes of consumer exposure to dimethyl fumarate shoes, leather sofas, and produce allergic reactions, acute eczema and burns cases, it received wide attention . The EU has also since conducted research and analysis, and ultimately the introduction of the above the draft limit.
prior to the adoption of the draft in the European Union, France, Belgium has taken specific measures to prohibit the import and sale of shoes and seats with dimethyl fumarate. Spain also enacted regulations that prohibit any contact with the skin products containing DMF. Moreover, since late last year, several groups of Chinese products because of the excessive content of dimethyl fumarate was detained by France and other countries.
dimethyl fumarate in the domestic product is very extensive, a considerable number of footwear, leather furniture and home textile products will be placed in the package containing the composition of moisture-proof bags for moisture mildew. In Ma Dimethyl
province, Wenzhou, Haining and other leather products is a traditional export products, only wenzhou in 2008, the footwear exports reached $ 276 million. Textiles is Zhejiang's export niche products, each year about 40 billion of exports. These exports accounted for a large share of the EU market. More worryingly, the data show that of dimethyl fumarate has a low toxicity and inhibitory capacity, many kinds of antibacterial, without environmental impact, is also widely used in food, food, feed, mildew and preservation of cosmetics, tobacco and other anti-corrosion, so the EU for all consumer products containing dmf ban is bound to give the related industries in our province a great deal of adverse effects.
face the great challenges of the ban, inspection and quarantine departments to remind related export enterprises should be adjusted to switch to more environmentally friendly and healthy moisture mold products, to comply with the requirements of the draft, and positive and the National foreign customers to communicate reduce draft exports. Recently, the inspection and quarantine departments will be within the jurisdiction of the related businesses to strengthen inspection and supervision to avoid substandard products shipped to the EU, resulting in greater economic and reputation losses.
directive requirements → provisions after 1 May 2009 prohibit containing the Fuma Ma Dimethyl
diethyl methyl products on the market or sold in the market, products containing dimethyl fumarate should be already on the market or sold in the market to recover;dimethyl fumarate in the product or product parts
→ content should not exceed 0.1 mg/kg (0.1ppm);
→ products and packaging may not be used desiccant, fungicide sachet containing dimethyl fumarate.
→ January 28, 2012, the EU the release DMFu amending Directive to extend the ban took effect March 15, 2013
May 2012, the EU published the Official Gazette issued Directive (EU) No 412/2012, formal approval of the Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) to join the REACH Regulation Annex XVII (for Certain Hazardous substances, mixtures and articles in the manufacturing, invest in the market and use restrictions) the list of substances of 61, the implementation of Act 20 days after the date of release from the European Union communique, and requires Member States to translate them into national law. This indicates that the EU had promulgated "extend of dimethyl fumarate effective date of the the 2012/48/EU instruction at the same time set aside in the (EU) No 412/2012 effective date of, ie, June 4 , EU-wide limit fumaric acid dimethyl . circulation in the EU market products or product parts of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) content should not exceed 0.1mg/kg industrial uses Usage of dimethyl fumarate is the United States in the 1980s developed a new type of fungicide, known as "mold enemy. Has efficient, low mold, rat (LD) service for the 2240mg/kg) the special inhibitory effect of many molds and antifungal, is widely used in food, beverage, feed, herbal medicines, cosmetics, fish, meat, vegetables, fruits, mold, corrosion, pest control, preservation, According to reports, the United States of dimethyl fumarate for bread mold experiment under the same conditions, save the bread is not moldy period, plus calcium propionate bread for 16 -30 days, plus fumaric acid dimethyl bread for 475 days, its efficacy is much better than calcium propionate. The results show that the rich Ma dimethyl eight molds in foods (such as aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus, Penicillium, high Neurospora crassa, Geotrichum, fusarium monocytogenes) significantly inhibited for feed mildew better than propionate, sorbic acid and benzoic acid dimethyl dubbed volatile solution spray liquor in the wardrobe, bookcase, also received a good mildew addition, the fumaric acid ester is a very in the development of promising new fungicide, is causing a high degree of attention in the food industry at home and abroad. Therefore, the development of the production of dimethyl fumarate is not only realistic but also has significant economic and social benefits.
domestic and international production and marketing situation country of the foreign production of dimethyl fumarate in the United States, Japan, Germany. U.S. production for the 4000T/Y in Japan for the 8000T/Y
China in the 1980s, not the development of dimethyl fumarate and build a 200T/Y production line in 1990 in Tianshui, Gansu, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shaanxi Province subsequent are The device is launched, but the scale is not large, the cumulative total output in China is about 800-1000T/Y.
China several ten thousand food, beverage, feed production plant, there are ten thousand more than a dozen soy sauce factory and a large area of fruits and vegetables production base in the country each year the demand for mildew preservative 40000 tons or more. As wide applications of a new generation of the fungicide dimethyl fumarate, the market capacity is large, very bright prospects.
investment conditions the:
production methods 1, sulfuric acid catalytic synthesis of dmf
desiccant-free dimethyl fumarate
sulfuric acid as a catalyst to the classical synthesis, the product yield can reach 92% [4,8,9], although this method is simple, high yield, however, sulfuric acid, a corrosive, can cause side effects, and waste pollution and other shortcomings.
2, p-toluenesulfonic acid catalytic synthesis of the dmf
p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst DMF, the product yield was about 67%. Toluenesulfonic acid is an organic acid, corrosive and waste equipment is relatively small, are unlikely to cause side effects, good color and products, cheap, easy to store transport and use, with low and high activity, but the yield relatively low shortcomings.
3, resin catalyzed synthesis of the dmf
strong acid cation exchange resin as early as the 1950s began for some esterification, generated ester chroma, post-processing convenient, reusable, non-corrosive to equipment, do not produce waste, it is highly industrial use value. Use of strongly acidic ion exchange resin as catalyst the DMF, the yield reached 91.4%.
4, solid super-acid catalytic synthesis of dmf
superacid solid super acid catalyzed synthesis of dimethyl fumarate is the acid of the acid strength more than 100% sulfuric acid. Solid superacid has a non-corrosive, does not pollute the environment, not afraid of water, high temperature, high reactivity, good selectivity, easy to manufacture, easy to be separated in the reaction system and difficult to poisoning, etc., and can be reused, so it has a industrial applications.
5, ferric chloride catalyzed synthesis of the dmf
PONY test of dimethyl fumarate testing services
crystalline ferric chloride catalyzed synthesis of dimethyl fumarate crystalline ferric chloride (FeCI3 · 6H2O) is a cheap and readily available compounds, the use of catalytic synthesis of fumaric acid dimethyl ester, small corrosion less waste pollution, convenient operation, a certain value, its favorable application conditions: When the catalyst 0.8g, fumaric acid 58g, methanol 20ml, ie, the molar ratio of 0.06:1:10 reflux 4h, too white crystalline product in a yield of 61.7% [13].
6, heteropoly acid catalytic synthesis of dmf
heteropoly acid polybasic acid condensation of two or more inorganic oxyacids, which not only has the ability to multi-acid and multi-electron reduction, and its acidic and hydrogenation can be transform elements regulate a wide range of systems. Its reaction has high catalytic activity and selectivity, and non-volatile, thermally stable, less pollution, and can greatly reduce the corrosion of the equipment, can be regenerated and reused.
7, rare earth compounds catalyzed synthesis of the dmf
rare earth compounds of Yi, the resource-rich compounds, the development of rare earth compounds use of great economic value. Xiao-Li li and other use of the two neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) catalytic synthesis of dimethyl fumarate, when 15g fumaric acid, 30ml methanol, neodymium oxide, the amount of 3% return 4h, get the product yield of 90% [15] . 8, BF3, (C2H5) 2O catalytic synthesis of the dmf
boron trifluoride (BF3) is a strong electron acceptor, a strong lewis acid, for electronic carboxylic acid in the carboxyl form complexes so that more positively charged carboxyl group in the ribbon BF3 is gas, so the catalytic esterification reaction, often use such as alcohol or aldehyde to form jin yang salt.
the health hazards suspended footwear containing DMF
the dmf use and risk: extensive and efficient antibacterial, bactericidal effect of dmf on microorganisms has been widely used for food, feed, tobacco, leather and clothing, corrosion mildew and preservation. dmf may cause health damage. According to clinical trials, dmf inhalation transesophageal corrosive damage to the human gut, visceral; and when the substance come into contact with the skin, cause contact dermatitis pain, itching, irritation, redness and burns; human good health and has caused great harm. Therefore, the presence of dmf as a serious threat.
the hardest hit: cakes, moon cake and spicy food. Commonly known as "mold killer, a major role for anti-corrosion, pest control. It is an industrial disinfectant, and only in the national standards for building materials, plastic products, and bamboo, and other industrial products, and never allow the use in food. mildew effect, some unscrupulous manufacturers will add to the food, not only gives the food is not easy mildew, long shelf life, and bright color. But it is harmful, it will damage the intestinal tract, internal organs and cause allergies, especially on children's growth and development will cause great harm.
disabled regulations dmf Background within the EU to prohibit the use of dimethyl fumarate meeting
2008 12 16 2008 by the State General administration of quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine No. 4 risk warning notice pointed out that the rapid alert system of the European Commission, non-food production reclining sofa issued consumer warn. Because the sofas containing dmf fungicide, there is cause consumers to skin allergy risk. France signed a decree on December 4, 2008, the Act, to ban the import of seating and footwear containing dmf products and the market requirements and perceived where the product or package contains content of dmf seat footwear, shall be recycled. Belgium issued a decree banning all imports of goods and products containing dmf on the market. Spain enacted measures to prohibit the application of dmf in all consumer products can come into contact with the skin.
Strategy: The EU resolution to control a very wide range of products, including all the products on the EU market, so the resolution will export industry impact.
while the EU is very strict control: the ban on products containing dmf on the market or sales, and asked to recall products already on the market or on the market containing DMF, its content is limited to 0.1mg/kg. Export companies need a high degree of attention, to ensure that exports meet EU dmf disabled requirements, in order to avoid losses. can proceed with the following 1, the overall supply chain response, requires that all material suppliers shall not be interested in the use of DMF, can not cause pollution in the process. Signed by the supplier does not use hazardous substances to ensure that dmf could be added to reduce the risk. If necessary, require proof of material not containing DMF;
2, enterprises should establish a control system of harmful substances, can be sustained, low-cost response to regulatory requirements; sampling should be implemented for incoming and shipping, in particular, the high risk products to strict sampling, to ensure compliance with requirements;
3, and traceability system, do the labels of the products. Can be locked when the sample exceeds the range of products, in order to minimize the loss.
product standards 1, "DMF" refers to the chemicals of dimethyl fumarate, IUPAC (International Pure and Applied Chemistry, Union) name for Dimethyl (E)-butenedioate cas (Chemical substances registration number) Number :624-49-7, the einecs (European Inventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances directory information system) number :210-849-0.
2, "product" refers to any product as defined in Section 2 (a) of the first 2001/95/EC Directive;
3, containing dmf products "refers to the following products or product components:
(i) declare the presence of dimethyl fumarate in one or more small bag; or
(ii) of dimethyl fumarate concentration greater than 0.1 mg per kg weight of the product or product components;
4, "the market" means the first sale in the Community market;
5, "on the market" means to provide for distribution on the Community market, consumption or use in commercial activities, whether paid or unpaid. National leather quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Zhejiang) in 2008 began to focus on prospective studies deal with the technology of the technical trade measures, has taken the lead in the second half of 2008 to provide this testing technology services. Since 2008, the European succession leather products containing dmf fungicide suspected to cause allergic reactions of consumers, mainly related products, including chairs and shoes containing dmf chair import the end of 2008, France, Spain banned last month, EU countries ban the import of the decision of the DMF.
[Cause]
boil is caused by what the? infection and skin dirty, scratches, high ambient temperature or lower the body resistance to infection-related. Boils can occur in any follicles of the skin area, often to the head, face, neck, armpits and buttocks so often by the friction of the parts is more common. (a) causes boil the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus based, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, are also caused by the disease. Local and systemic skin's resistance to infection is reduced mainly due to Benbingfasheng, so infants, malnutrition, diabetes is a good risk of this disease. Dirty skin, skin abrasions, high ambient temperatures often lead to local infection such as the direct cause. (B) the pathogenesis bacteria invade the hair follicle and their sebaceous glands and sweat glands, in hair follicles and surrounding tissue multiply rapidly, producing toxins, causing local tissue degeneration, necrosis, and the center of the formation of boils, the performance of local congestion, exudation, induration. Aggregation of neutrophils to the damaged body tissue cells and bacteria to be destroyed, and he gradually necrosis and dissolution, the formation of abscesses in the dermis. Due to Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase contain toxins, so the formation of pus bolt, protruding outward. Swelling and induration clinically visible in the center of a yellow-white pus plug. This is Staphylococcus aureus infected lesion characteristics. Ulceration after discharge pus, abscess gradually by the new fibrous tissue repair and healing. [Sign]
boil the early symptoms? 1. redness, swelling, heat, pain summary, cylindrical cone. 2. inflammation to the development of nodules increases, the pain intensified. 3. A few days later nodules central necrosis, abscess formation, dissolution, soft induration, pain relief, the central pus head most of the self-rupture, discharge pus, inflammation subsided recovery. 4. furuncle usually no obvious symptoms, but if the blood flow occurred in the rich parts of the body resistance weakened, it can cause discomfort, chills, fever, headache and loss of appetite and other symptoms of toxemia. 5. Facial Boil such as intracranial infection, facial swelling and severe, may be associated with chills, fever, headache, sinus infections and other embolization. boil because of location, severity of different clinical manifestations may vary. local swelling and pain sclerosis: no systemic symptoms of early disease and more, only infection redness, swelling, pain, range of not more than 2cm in diameter, small nodules gradually enlarged, as papules bulge. A few days later lesions extended about 3 ~ 5cm, nodules gradually softened, the center was white, a slight touch of the fluctuations; then ulceration pus, and the emergence of yellow-white pus plug. Pus bolt off, pus shed, the inflammation subsides and healing. There is no pus boil bolt (the so-called headless boil), since the collapse a bit late, need to find ways to promote its pus discharge (Figure 2 ). fever, swollen lymph nodes: furuncle serious infection, the local area of the lymph nodes, tenderness, and may be associated with body heat, and sometimes lymph node abscess formation. nose, upper lip and around (called "dangerous triangle") of the surface boil, add or pushed in touch, the bacteria via the angular vein, ophthalmic vein into the brain, causing intracranial suppurative infection. At this point may have fever, headache, vomiting, consciousness disorders. early follicular redness, swelling, heat, pain, induration. After the white purulent center, there is volatility. May be associated with systemic fever, elevated white blood cell count and differential count. [Aftertreat]
boil ate? therapeutic side: 1. composed of: a single head of garlic, honey, 9 grams. Usage: pound evenly wrap the affected area. 2. consists of: single head of garlic amount. Usage: Peel and slice into 2 to 3 mm, with the first affected area with warm salt water when dry wash, and then sticking garlic, and gently massage the 10 to 20 minutes, 2 or 3 times a day, 2 3 There is no more. Indications: Boil, folliculitis. Note: In severe cases, such as local irritation may reduce the massage time, a serious condition should be added to serve anti-inflammatory drugs. 3 . composed of: tea 2 grams of dried honeysuckle 1 gram. Usage: boiling water 6 minutes after each meal drink in a cup. Indications: Boil, exogenous heat. 4. composed of: fresh Malan first 100 grams, the amount of liquor. Usage: Add a little salt before blindly smashed wine Ban Cheng paste, coating the surface of the skin furuncle carbuncle. Indications: furuncle, carbuncle. 5. Composition: rosin 10 grams of white wine. Usage: rosin research to fine tune white wine into a paste, resisting heat, wrap the affected area after dissolution, for the degree of responsibility to cover all of the above and then covered with wax paper and tape securely, to enhance efficacy, can drop a few drops of wine, rosin to keep moist. Indications: furuncle, carbuncle, folliculitis. 6. smashed topical papaya leaves, swollen boil carbuncle treatment drug. 7. fresh peach leaf, plug smashed the lesion, treatment of nasal furuncle. 8. rhizome or fresh banana leaves smashed Jiao Zhi, coating the surface of the skin, cure carbuncles, boils, swelling. 9. almond powder with sesame oil paint, heat treatment boil. 10. Purple cane coal deposit of the skin, powder, paint the affected area or sesame oil dressing, boil carbuncle treatment, stomatitis , eczema. 11. raw taro add a little salt, smashed drunk wrap the affected area twice a day replacement, bones can cure pain, swelling of unknown drugs, pediatric head hot boil, finger boil. 12. raw loofah (or leaf), smashed juice, coated surface of the skin, soak sore treatment days, yellow water sores, heat boils, urticaria . 13. mung bean sugar kelp: seaweed 60 grams, shredded, green beans, 150 grams, with the soup, add brown sugar to taste food. There Sedative, diuretic, soft-kin, Phlegm, scattered gall tumor effect. For hypertension, beriberi edema, neck lymphadenopathy, simple goiter, prickly heat boils hot summer day in children poison, phlegm cough embolism. 14. yi melon soup: melon (not peeled) 500-600 g, yi 50-100 grams of soup. Can be flavored with sugar or salt, on behalf of the tea used, heat, hot weather, diuretic, dehumidification effect. Drugs for Rush boils, eczema athlete's foot, yellow urine deficient. 15. Daozhi raw turnip, vinegar and rub the affected area transfer, heat treatment boil. 16. green beans 30 grams of powder, each 10 grams, water delivery service, boils cure breast swelling and pain. 17. failure to adopt the open rose 3 - 5 朵 wash, add water, two pregnant, suffering from a cup of low heat, ice sugar 30 grams, made of rose soup, until the temperature dose, to cure blood stasis amenorrhea, boils Chung pain, traumatic swelling and pain. 18. boils and pus ulceration of the skin sore or eczema, rinse with water, tea, allow the wound clean and promote healing. 19. a white sweet potato, peeled and chopped, smashed, can also be added with the same amount of fresh Houttuynia smashed, spreads in the affected area, apply to the local heating that line replace (about two three hours long), and even apply a few days more, boils cure mastitis. 20. soybeans amount, turn on the water immersed soft, add a little alum were smashed drunk, external surface of the skin, swollen boils boil treatment. 21. adzuki beans with water until soft, mash with water or vinegar, or honey or egg amount, into a paste, external surface of the skin, cure mumps, hot boil. 22. Kapok 30 - 50 grams of sugar amount, fry a bowl with water and drink two bowls and a half. Favorable moisture, heat effect. For enteritis, urethritis, eczema, summer boil embolism. 23. fresh buckwheat leaves 60 grams, Shuijianbi day one; or fried yellow noodles with the vinegar into a paste, applied to the lesion, sooner or later be replaced. Governance sore, swollen boils, erysipelas, mastitis, and swelling of unknown drugs. appropriate patients to eat what? 1, edible grapes plus zinc salt or zinc, other foods such as soy, sunflower seeds, wheat bran, yeast, brown sugar and so on. 2, Yi Shi taste light, the cold food, such as Malan head, purslane, melon, red and white radish, bitter gourd, sponge gourd, mung bean, red bean, lily, chrysanthemum brain and celery. patients unfit to eat what? not eat ginger, pepper and other spicy foods , as well as mustard, yellow croaker, shrimp, crab, chicken head, goose, Zhu Tourou so fat objects. should avoid fried foods and meat, edible oil cans. data only refer to the specific, please ask a doctor. [Prevent]
how to prevent boils? boil is born of acute suppurative superficial skin disorders, widely available health, children, young people more common. "Surgical management case" that: "boil persons, birth processes, floating red rootless feet, swollen found in the skin, only the width of an inch, there is less pain, a few days later Microsoft, thin peel, the beginning of the blue water, the latter from breaking the pus out of. "The disease occurs in the summer and autumn, protruding roots shallow, swelling potential limitations, lift the red pain, mostly in the range of about 3cm, easily swollen, easy to collapse, Yi Lian. Early can be divided into a head, without the first two kinds of general light and easy to cure the symptoms, so the saying goes, "no boil the size of a pus like." ;;; ;;;;; ;;;;; ;;;;; But also due to the formation of improper treatment or care "mole cricket boils," or repeated seizures, lack of disunion. Multiple furunculosis ", is difficult to cure. [Treat]
boil precautions before treatment? attention to the skin clean, timely replacement of underwear and avoid skin injuries, especially in the summer, to bathe, wash your hair, hair, changing clothes, nails, children in particular should pay attention. With honeysuckle and wild chrysanthemum Jiantang tea. Boil the surrounding skin should be kept clean and coated with 70% alcohol to prevent infection spread to nearby hair follicles. boil Chinese medicine treatment methods total boil caused by the toxic heat treatment to detoxify the basic principles. A Differential Treatment: 1. Heat toxin Accumulation card: lesion processes, such as cone, burning pain, or fever, thirst, tongue pink, yellow fur, rapid pulse. Detoxification. Flavors disinfection decoction. 2. Shushi heat Melancholia: seen in summer and autumn, the affected area, such as agglomeration cone, single or multiple, burning pain, chest tightness, anorexia, deficient urination, red tongue, greasy or yellowish, veins slippery. Qingshu dampness, detoxification swelling. Qingshu Decoction. 3. Is virtual evil love cards: distributed in the body, local color dark red, pus scarce, one after another, delayed healing, with fever, irritability, thirst, or fatigue, limb soft, red tongue thin yellow, rapid pulse. Righting detoxification. Liu Wei Di Huang Decoction. Second, external treatment and other treatment: 1. The beginning of detoxification should be swelling, moderate to henbane, water reconcile, wrap the affected area. Or wishful golden powder for external application. Or green cream Waicha. 2. Pus, the clip bolt out the pus. 3. Unhealed after the collapse, sores can be a little ninety-one Dan to drugs or drug line twist into sores, topical berberine gauze. 4. Oral Meihuadianshe Dan, Niuhuangjiedu, Fang Feng Tong Sheng Wan, Liushen other medicine. 5. Unilateral prescription: Silver Flower 30g, licorice 10g, decoction, on behalf of the tea. Western boil treatment 1. Local treatment, such as heat, physical therapy, 10% ichthyol coated ointment. Facial Boil should rest in bed should not squeeze or prick Boil, so as not to spread to the brain. 2. Swelling or have a large range of obvious symptoms, should give systemic antibiotics (third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics). 3. The formation of abscess, incision and drainage should be timely but should be avoided Boil the face cut. (a) treatment 1. The principles of early treatment to promote inflammation subsided, after early drain purulent pus; timely elimination of systemic adverse reactions. 2. Local treatment (1) Physical therapy: early, ultraviolet micro-irradiation, can promote local anti-inflammatory, to prevent proliferation. Swelling stage, the selection of FM, infrared and other heat, promote Boil liquid. 2 to 3 times / d, 20 ~ 30min / times. (2) Drug eraser: 0.5% povidone-iodine scrub, the drug not only for skin irritation, and the role of long-lasting, no pigmentation. Can also be used erythromycin, tetracycline ointment. (3) topical cream: local swelling and a small pustules, use ichthyol, wishful golden powder, Gyokuro powder and so on. (4) incision and drainage: Boil into pus, nodules soften, a sense of volatility, you can make a small incision drainage or fire needle drainage. Taboo squeeze purulent lesions. (5) to keep local clean and dry: adhere to local skin cleaning, daily showers are the best conditions. Young children with skin, topical lip after taking a bath in summer, to avoid the formation of multiple Boil. 3. Systemic treatment usually does not require systemic treatment of boils. But facial boils or accompanied by chills, fever, headache, general malaise, etc., should be given antibiotics. Clinical observations and experimental results show that the efficacy of penicillin, cephalothin, cefazolin and amikacin better effect. (B) the prognosis generally good prognosis after active treatment, without sequelae. [Examine]
boil should be how? 1. Peripheral blood (1) white blood cell count: fever, elevated WBC count may have. (2) white blood cell count: white blood cell count was elevated often accompanied by increased neutrophils . 2. diabetes check (1) fasting plasma glucose measurement: two fasting blood glucose were increased, should consider the possibility of diabetes. (2) glycated serum protein: This clinical trial is not the impact of fluctuations in blood glucose higher than normal to help the diagnosis of diabetes. (3) glycosylated hemoglobin: glycosylated hemoglobin and blood glucose were positively correlated, and the irreversible reaction. Diabetes is often higher than the normal 2 to 3 times. 3. bacteriologic (1) bacterial culture: the multiple, repeated infections, abscesses can be extracted directly pus for bacterial culture, positive results will help the diagnosis of pathogens. (2) drug susceptibility testing: bacterial culture in the pus, while line drug susceptibility testing can provide the scientific basis of clinical drug treatment. [Diff]
boil diseases easily confused? 1. Multiple sweat gland abscesses are summer disease, more common in infants and young children and frail mother's head, forehead, etc .. Lesions of multiple subcutaneous abscesses. Surface tenderness, inflammation lighter. No pus bolt, left scars. Usually accompanied by a lot of prickly heat. Generally known as prickly heat poison. It was also known as pseudo furunculosis (Pseudofurunculosis). 2. Hidradenitis suppurativa common in young women, lesions of the skin induration. Subcutaneous abscess formation, followed by skin redness, swelling, heat, pain, ulceration scarring. Lesions occur in the armpits, groin, genital and perianal, umbilical, etc. 3. acne acne mild infection, red, swollen, painful, but the disease is small, the top a little bit like creamy. 4. sebaceous cysts sebaceous cyst infection are redness, swelling, pain, but the previous round has been painless mass over an extended period , the epidermis as usual. 5. carbuncle carbuncle with redness, swelling, pain, but there are several hair follicle infection, lesions larger than the boil. [Disease]
hump-related diseases juvenile osteochondrosis of vertebral osteoporosis youth sexual hump sore scoliosis ankylosing spondylitis vitamin D deficiency disease more back symptoms small blisters appear back back pain back spasms, back pain does not have subtle linen spine back pain sinus pain Road with sensory ataxia spinal nerve root damage spinal cord hemisection syndrome, spinal cord lesions of hemorrhagic infiltration of the spinal cord injury spinal cord infarction, cauda equina involvement across the spinal cord within the spinal cord gliosis in the spinal cord anterior horn of the spinal cord lesion cavity formed spinal thalamic tract compression
|
